11. Let’s take a turn. A player who straddles is effectively buying the big blind and doubling the stakes. Learn to feel comfortable and confident playing the great game of PLO. This free Preflop Guide includes 8 easy-to-read charts and crucial tips that will help you play like a pro before the flop. This means that, when you call, you need to win more than 25% of the time in order to profit. For example, if the flop is K♠ 7♠ 4 ♦, you would bet hands like A♠ 2♠ and A♠ 5♠ while checking hands like A♠ Q♠ and A♠ J♠. We make our first mistake by betting too big on the flop. We’re in the big blind with 19 big blinds, facing a button minraise. The first thing we need to do here is calculate our own pot odds. Preflop Action. Click to jump to an in-depth explanation of the rule: Increase your preflop raise size when there is a weak player in the blinds. Learn valuable poker tips & tactics that will help you win next time you play. Defending in multiway pots. Get the Guide. We need to call 1,600 chips to play for a total pot of 8,640 chips. Good ol’ Stu Unger. One way to play strip poker is to run the game like a traditional Texas Hold’em cash game, with chips used as currency and standard rules intact. Adjusting for the rake. Vs Small Blind – Call A9-offsuit. The $7 Postflop Playbook for No Limit. Keeping track of your poker results is crucial for many reasons. Training. Play Hands in Position Post-Flop. Upswing Newsletter Hand Converter & Replayer 3-bet Pot Strategies Doug Vs Daniel Insight PLO Preflop Guide The Laws Of Live Poker Level-Up Podcast Hold'em Preflop Charts. 3-bet larger preflop when you will be out of position postflop. The cutoff can also re-raise, or fold. 1. Here’s what you’re going to learn: How to Play King-Jack Suited Preflop; 3 Tips for When You Miss the Flop (As the Preflop Raiser) 3 Tips for When You Hit the Flop; Let’s dive in! How to Play King-Jack Suited Preflop Multi-way pots can cause headaches, and it’s easy to understand why. After all, the out of position player should be 3-betting many those hands preflop quite frequently. Then, you’ll get some useful tips for maneuvering postflop. The Upswing Poker Lab offers a comprehensive collection of poker strategy lessons that help players of all skill levels upgrade their game. Let’s delve into playing Ace-Three suited in every common preflop situation. Hero calls $45. Preflop Analysis. Not only is the card you need unlikely to come (like all gutshots), that same card may give your opponent a higher straight, which may lead to you lose a lot of chips. 25), chances are the casino/poker site is taking at least a couple of big blinds out of every pot. In-depth preflop ranges for all heads-up situations. Button bets $2. Plus, it has a really nice, intuitive layout – so you. SnapShove. Players normally fold or raise. In Crown Roulette, you play mostly with Broadway cards. If your table is very passive or the rake is very low. For example, if you hold A♣ J ♦ and the flop comes J♣ 3♠ 2 ♦, you have Top Pair Top Kicker (a pair of Jacks and an Ace kicker). Betting on the Flop Tournament crusher Moritz “Mo” Dietrich teaches you how and when to bet on the flop in tournaments. Step 1. In our $2/$5 game example, suppose six players are in the game. 25 * 100) in this case. Flop. Choose hands that play well when the pre-flop SPR is low. He's now betting under half pot 92. Tactical Adjustment #6: The more players you have position over, the more often you should defend and vice-versa. These hands are very valuable because they “out kick” all other top pairs. 3 Tips for Playing Ace-Four Suited When You Miss the Flop (As the Preflop Raiser) Tip #1: Always c-bet out of position when the flop has two broadway cards in blind vs blind battles Double broadway flops (such as K-Q-5 or Q-J-7) are very favorable for the Small Blind when playing against the Big Blind in a single raised pot. Example: 10 people want to play a $1000 event but they all only have $100. Betting pot (or all-in) on brick turns after 3-betting preflop and check-calling on the flop. This free Preflop Guide includes 8 easy-to-read charts and crucial tips that will help you play like a pro before the flop. Founded by Doug Polk, Ryan Fee, and Matt Colletta in 2015 with the goal of helping poker players get better at the game they love, Upswing Poker has grown from a blog offering free preflop charts to the world's biggest. The key is to make sure you’re avoiding some easily avoidable mistakes — and that’s where this guide comes in. In a nine-handed game, this player is said to be Under-the-Gun (UTG), one of the three early position spots at the table. See full list on thepokerbank. This is due to a few reasons: Linus is more likely to have Pocket Aces and strong Kx hands. The Playbook is a more polished course that teaches an overall more modern strategy to help you win in 2023 and beyond. Training. As always, you should start by playing a solid preflop strategy, then adjust after gauging just how splashy the game is. The $7 Postflop Playbook for No Limit Hold'em. That's because these hands are better than the. This goes hand in hand with mistake #1. Most players build their preflop. Combining the best general knowledge about microstakes poker strategy, in-depth concepts from BlackRain's groundbreaking book, Crushing the Microstakes, and. On these boards, the preflop 3-bettor has the biggest equity advantage that you can find in No Limit Hold’em on the flop (around 75% to 25%). Q ♦ Q♣ 2. The player clockwise of the big blind begins the round with the option to call (also known as “limping”, or matching the amount of the big blind), raise (bet at least 2x the amount of the big blind), or fold, “mucking” their hand by pushing their cards into the middle. Not only can you not win the pot preflop by limping, the play also makes it more challenging to steal the pot postflop. This quick guide will help you confirm you are or help you play it better. 3 PLO Starting Hand Factors. Learn to feel comfortable and confident playing the great game of PLO. The Third Blind folds and Limitless 4-bets to $42,500. The first two players to act fold, and the action moves to the player in the cutoff position. Log Out. Preflop raise to 3 times (3x) the BB with all hands you are opening. A solver is a powerful piece of poker software that calculates ‘optimal’ strategies (called solutions) for user-inputted scenarios. Today we’ll discuss 4 […] When antes are in play, all players must pay the ante before the hand begins. Players used to be much more likely to just call raises before the flop, which presented many squeezing opportunities for aggressive players. “So much has happened in poker ever since these young kids, the new generation has. Preflop. When there’s a straddle (or a third-blind) in the game you’re playing, make the following adjustments to your pre-flop strategy: Use a smaller open size when the pre-flop SPR is low. 3. In a $2/$4 limit game, for example, the antes are usually $0. Q ♦ Q♣ 2. These fold-averse players are most commonly found in live and low stakes online games. The old-school approach to multiway pots was to enter with many speculative hands hoping to win big when you hit. Perfect. Let’s get started. In Short Deck Hold’em, your chances of flopping an open-ended straight draw are 19% (compared to 10% in a full-deck game). Upgrade Your Pot Limit Omaha Game With This Advanced Preflop Guide - For FREE. Queen-Ten offsuit is a pretty strong hand relative to all other starting hands. Big Blind calls. Betting around 60% on each street should do the trick. Related article: When to C-Bet Middle or Bottom Pair on the Flop. For poker cash games, these amounts are generally noted in the listing for the game. Log Out. 9% on monotone flops. K6s is pretty nice hand to 3-bet bluff with preflop because the K blocks strong hands (like and ) and the 6 unblocks many of the weakest hands in your opponent’s raising range (such as and ) that will fold to. We use poker hand grids to visualize ranges. As with opening ranges, the profitability of calling with pocket pairs depends on our own. Good equity against a calling range. The $7 Postflop Playbook for No Limit. 1. Learn to feel comfortable and confident playing the great game of PLO. 10. Let’s dive in! How to Play Ace-Ten Offsuit Preflop Unopened Pots The double straddle is on for this hand, making the blinds a staggering $100/$200/$400/$800! After recapping the action on each street, Nick will provide his overall analysis while focusing on some important concepts for playing in straddled pots preflop and multiway pots. Keep our GTO preflop ranges right in your pocket. Note: If you want to win at poker, you need a solid preflop strategy. If you want to learn how to play specific starting hands like a pro, read one of the articles below. Downswings in denial . 3-bet more of the range you want to continue with, using a smaller size if in-position. Phil’s missed hands are also stronger than Eric’s — he can have hands like Ace-King , Ace-Queen, Ace-Ten suited , and King-Queen suited , all of which Eric should. Export the hands with questionable spots into an equity calculator. This free Preflop Guide includes 8 easy-to-read charts and crucial tips that will help you play like a pro before the flop. The starting ranges and bet sizing can be based on population ranges from the games you play or GTO ranges, or ranges from your favorite preflop charts — it’s entirely up to you. But first, let’s take a look at what an ante is. Five Low. Note: If you want to win at poker, you need a solid preflop strategy. That’s why I’m writing this article — so you know how to play this big chunk of your range. This translates as 3,590-to-1 odds against. See moreGUIDE Raising First In (RFI) Welcome to Upswing Poker. Upswing Newsletter Hand Converter & Replayer 3-bet Pot Strategies Doug Vs Daniel Insight PLO Preflop Guide The Laws Of Live Poker Level-Up Podcast Hold'em Preflop Charts. If you’re at a 9-handed table, the best baseline strategy is to fold Pocket Fives from the 3 earliest positions (UTG, UTG+1 and UTG+2). Phil 3-bets to 8bb from the Big Blind with 8♣ 3♣. In Position Examples (Button vs Big Blind) IP Example #1: A ♥ T ♦ 9♠. A good check-raise strategy starts on the flop. That includes gutshot straight draws. Upswing Newsletter Hand Converter & Replayer 3-bet Pot Strategies Doug Vs Daniel Insight PLO Preflop Guide The Laws Of Live Poker Level-Up Podcast Hold'em Preflop Charts. The $7 Postflop Playbook for No Limit Hold'em. Online Cash Ranges Live Cash Ranges MTT Ranges Advanced Solver Ranges Advanced Tourney Ranges Heads-Up Ranges Preflop Charts Guide. Regardless of whether your top pair is on a King-high flop or a Jack-high flop, your hand is very strong. Note: If you want to win at poker, you need a solid preflop strategy. Don’t get me wrong: experience is really important too. Note: Our free preflop guide includes 8 preflop raise charts that show you exactly which hands to play from which position. Tip #5: You can slow-play when you hit the top set in a 3-bet or 4-bet pot (heads-up) When you hold the top set, you heavily block the range with which your opponent would call a bet on the flop. Because of this, you should always raise with Pocket Sevens preflop when the action folds to. 2 big blinds per hand. The $7 Postflop Playbook for No Limit. Play starts out with the Under The Gun (UTG) player, Looking at the starting hands chart above, three things should be clear: The stronger your hand (i. Suited hands realize significantly more equity than their offsuit counterparts. Pocket Queens is a mandatory 4-bet for value in most scenarios. The concept of a tight-aggressive poker strategy is simple: play very few hands, but play them aggressively. Download them at Upswingpoker. To make your life easier, here are 5 preflop poker ranges that you need to memorize. Focus on the pot size, not your opponent’s stack sizes. Here's a summary of the 142 hand sample: LLinus' flop c-bet percentage has gone down to 59. In the preflop betting round, the big blind functions as the first bet (or a 1-Bet). After raising preflop with Aces, he got not one, not two, but three callers. Juanda’s preflop re-raise sizing is, again, too large, but his hand selection is fine. Tip #1: When in position, always bet for value This includes both single-raised pots and 3-bet pots. This is a list of all poker strategy articles that are marked as starting hands. Training. To make your life easier, here are 5 preflop poker ranges that you need to memorize. Bet pretty large (55-80% pot) on wet, dynamic board textures. The preflop action from both players in this hand is standard. 3 Tips For Playing When You Miss The Flop (As the Preflop Raiser) Tips 1 and 2 assume you raised preflop and only one player called. Step 3: Multiply by 100 to get the percentage. Log Out. Use a smaller raise size from early position and increase your size as you get closer to the Button. Step 1. In other words, hands that are normally very strong (such as sets, two pairs, and even straights) lose a lot of value. Created by poker pro Max Silver, SnapShove is the perfect lightweight poker training app for improving your shove/fold ranges. FOLD: end your involvement in the hand and pay no more chips into the pot. The pot is $50,154. With an open-ended straight draw, for example, your chance of hitting a straight by the river is 45. Know quickly and easily if you’re opponent is. The dealer then pulls the antes into the pot and deals the hand. Preflop. Preflop . 3bb or less), you should defend with all of these Queen-X suited hands against all positions. Starting Hands Poker Training Posts. In smaller poker games, players tend to include far too many hands into their preflop ranges. 9. Solvers have changed the game since they became commercially available in 2015, raising the standard of play significantly. Founded by Doug Polk, Ryan Fee, and Matt Colletta in 2015 with the goal of helping poker players get better at the game they love, Upswing Poker has grown from a blog offering free preflop charts to the world's biggest poker training company with courses and tools for every popular game type, including cash game poker courses, tournament poker. . This is because of the low stack-to-pot ratio in 4-bet/5-bet pots (meaning it will be easy to get all-in postflop) and both players' ranges are extremely narrow. For each of that player’s decisions, the next player can fold, call or re-raise. Juanda’s preflop re-raise sizing is, again, too large, but his hand selection is fine. The bet size, however, makes Juanda’s bluff needlessly expensive, especially given his position. Tom calls. Big Blind calls $15. Texas Roulette and Crown Hold ‘em. Weak players are notorious for calling a ton of preflop raises with trashy hands…so plan ahead before you raise with hands like 22, 76s, and Q9o. This is a hand grid. The Ultimate Guide to Squeezing in No Limit Hold’em Everything you need to know about the squeeze play. UTG folds. As of April 2020, Nick Schulman’s career tournament earnings total $13,217,550. Introducing Tracks in The Upswing Poker Lab. This won’t be difficult with effective starting stacks of around 100 big blinds. Get it now! A GTO strategy would always take. This gives you ample opportunity to find bluff 3bets, +EV preflop calls, and to be proactive in your postflop line creation. Big Blind check-raises to 11. Aside from pocket pairs, all possible hole card combinations have suited and offsuit versions. Preflop Action. It's an easy fold; you lose nothing. The effective stack size between the two players is $210,000. Bet small (25-35% pot) on dry, static board textures. You want to balance out your value hands with hands like these so that your. Here’s a guide on how to play Queen-Jack offsuit in every common preflop situation. Equity refers to the share of the pot that belongs to a player if there were no more actions to be made and the rest of the cards are dealt. Flop ($55): K♠ 5 ♦ 4♠. This free Preflop Guide includes 8 easy-to. If you checked flop and bet the turn, you will generally have a strong enough hand to bet on the river. I wish this legend made it onto poker memes. This quick guide includes preflop advice for playing the Sailboats in every common situation. This makes sense because when you have the nut flush draw, you want your opponent to have a lower flush draw. This free Preflop Guide includes 8 easy-to-read charts and crucial tips that will help you play like a pro before the flop. This tip goes back to poker game theory. Your opponent will usually have more high card hands in their range than you will after the flop checks through, so you should bet high turns less often than low turns. Charles 3-bets to $2,000 with from the Button. Your opponent calls and the flop comes 9♠ 7♠ 3 ♥. For instance, if you play 50k hands you may only have 200 hands where you called with 22-66, and obviously even less when calling. Online Cash Ranges Live Cash Ranges MTT Ranges Advanced Solver Ranges Advanced Tourney Ranges Heads-Up Ranges Preflop Charts Guide. How to Play Eight-Seven Suited PreflopWhat qualifies as a “small” and “big” bet changes relative to the street you’re on. Thankfully, you don’t need to be a savant to understand the mathematical principles of poker. New tournament module added called The Advanced Preflop Guide for MTTs. 7% for the preflop raiser. Training. When you have a chance to bet, you can increase the size of the pot to your desire. If you bet the flop and bet the turn, it’s time to check on the river with your top pair weak kicker. This preflop poker guide gives you the 6 key considerations that will help you choose the best preflop play - over and over again. Narrow your value betting range. They will be quick to exploit a playing style that depends too heavily on. For example, suppose you hold Q♠ T♠ and the flop comes A♣ J♥ 8♠. Coach Ryan explains that one of the most underappreciated advantages of a big flop sizing strategy is that it forces. When the turn pairs the middle card after you’ve c-bet the flop, you should play a tight double barrel strategy. Charles calls. 3betting all in over an open is the most powerful play you can make when your stack is in the 17-25 BB range. Doug “WCGrider” Polk and Ryan Fee have been featured. PLO Launch Pad by Dylan Weisman. If you wanna get really precise, as stacks get deeper you want to increase your raise size on the Button. With steep pay jumps and top-heavy payout structures, the final table of any poker tournament is where big money is earned or burned. The definitive answer to whether or not you should ever just call a raise preflop instead of 3-betting. #1. Koon. This type of gutshot is very weak and should be played as such. As I always do with these starting hand articles, let’s run through each common preflop situation first. different positions. Against the Button, you should defend with all of. The turn T ♥ checks through and the river is the 4♣. These hands are very valuable because they “out kick” all other top pairs. Let’s take a look at a river scenario. Probing From. If we’ve 3-bet preflop, we should usually use bet sizes that will allow us to go all-in on the river. How to Play Suited Poker Hands. Note: If you want to win at poker, you need a solid preflop strategy. The preflop charts cover Online Cash, Live, and MTT games with over 240 different preflop charts to help you make the correct preflop decisions and to dominate your poker games. Your sample size will certainly test the usefulness of some of these filters. 5% in full-deck hold’em). When everyone has their two hole cards, the preflop betting round begins with the player directly to the left of the big blind. Pre-Flop Holdem Strategy: Your First Chance to Get a Read When all the players get dealt hole cards, the first thing everybody wants to do is look at their cards. Training is the most efficient way to improve your skill. a) You have immediate fold equity when betting the flop – your opponent might just give up right there vs your bet and you win the hand. This free Preflop Guide includes 8 easy-to-read charts and crucial tips that will help you play like a pro before the flop. com Grab our easy to read preflop poker charts for free and build a solid poker strategy for your game instantly. The flop is J♠ 7 ♥ 6 ♦ and the Big Blind checks. Most hands miss the flop, and a very strong hand preflop can become very weak by the river. If two players have a Six Low, the next highest card is used as a tie-breaker. As always in these starting hand articles, let’s start with how to play King-Ten suited in a variety of common preflop situations. Playing the right hands, in the right spots, in the right way, will make. Compare this with a hand such as JT offsuit, which becomes two-pair or better just 4. Mistake #4: Playing Too Passively Postflop. RAISE: bet more than the player who raised. Congratulations on taking a step towards playing winning poker! You have just downloaded the very first piece of winning strategy, what hands to play preflop. 11. ICM can be used at any stage in the tournament to determine. The poker room is open 24/7, features 26 tables, and is open to anyone 21+. Soon thereafter, his winnings rose to an impressive $541,000. Doug (J♣ T ♥) bets $1,600. How to Play King-Nine Suited Preflop. During an appearance on the Rich Eisen Show in 2016, Matt Damon hinted that a Rounders sequel could definitely happen: “Rounders 2 is in the talks, Brian Koppelman and David Levien have a really good idea for the sequel,” Damon said. POT LIMIT OMAHA PREFLOP GUIDE FOR RAISING FIRST IN BACK TO MAIN INDEX GENERAL INFORMATION THIS GUIDE WILL HELP YOU UNDERSTAND WHICH HANDS TO RAISE FIRST IN (RFI) IN POT LIMIT OMAHA (PLO). Get it now! Read more from Upswing Poker: 3 Tips to Help You Maximize Your Winnings With Overpairs;1. With a full big blind ante juicing the pot, both players should play quite a bit looser preflop than in a typical heads-up match. These are the cards needed to make the best straight possible. Bet pretty large (55-80% pot) on wet, dynamic board textures. J♠ J ♦ 4 ♥. GUIDE Raising First In (RFI) Welcome to Upswing Poker. PLO Launch Pad by Dylan Weisman. The initial raiser gets out of the way, the player on the button* calls, and we go to a flop heads-up. A straight beats three-of-a-kind, as well as every other hand below that in the poker hand rankings. ”. Flop Analysis. Upswing Newsletter Hand Converter & Replayer 3-bet Pot Strategies Doug Vs Daniel Insight PLO Preflop Guide The Laws Of Live Poker Level-Up Podcast Hold'em Preflop Charts. Hero. The Texas Holdem hand guide below will take you through each stage of a poker hand from the preflop round to the river, and give you a brief overview of the strategy you should try and employ as well as the thought processes behind making profitable decisions at each stage of the hand. Dvoress opens UTG (7-handed) to 2. Log Out. That’s a 32% difference, relatively speaking. Example: 6 ♦ 5 ♦ on Q ♥ 9♠ 8 ♥. That player calls the $5. This may seem low, but in fact the numbers in the modern game tend to be even lower for winning players and the volume is extremely. This free Preflop Guide includes 8 easy-to-read charts and crucial tips that will help you play like a pro before. This first round is known as the preflop betting round, and all players have the option to either call (match the amount of the active bet), raise (increase the amount of the active bet), or fold. Advantage #1: Big Flop Bets are Hard to Play Against. Just to spice up this situation a little more: your name is Tom Dwan and this hand is playing out in the Triton Million, the largest. 3. Big Blind checks. For example, they may raise to 2bb from every position except. In Texas Hold’em, the aforementioned A♠ K♠ and 9♥ 7♥ count as suited hands. Hijack c-bets $2. Avoid string betting – If you don’t verbally declare a bet size, be sure to put all betting chips in the pot in one motion. The way you should approach. 1. The straight comes about slightly less often, making it the winner against three of a kind in the poker hand rankings. Online Cash Ranges Live Cash Ranges MTT Ranges Advanced Solver Ranges Advanced Tourney Ranges Heads-Up Ranges Preflop Charts Guide. This is the raw equity we need to call the open. Big suited connectors: AK, AQ, AJ, KQ 3. As far as preflop bet sizing strategy goes, conventional wisdom says you’d raise 3x the blind, plus 1x per every limper before you. Learn More. Having showdown value means that checking behind will never be too bad of an option on most board textures. Consider your stack depth when choosing bet sizes. Hero bets 3. Poker Bankroll Tracker. When open-raising, the best size to use is somewhere around 2. These hands are usually too strong to fold versus a 3-bet while also being too weak to 4-bet. Using a simplified strategy will help you keep track of how many combinations of hands you have on the next streets. Know quickly and easily if you’re opponent is getting close to […] Tip #1: If you have an underpair to the flop, check back most of the time. Learn to feel comfortable and confident playing the great game of PLO. In this article, we’ll look closely at the biggest mistake made at final tables: overly tight/passive play. For an improved article-browsing experience, go to our primary blog. In this article, you’ll learn 3 adjustments. 1. Tip 1: You Need to Know Your Entire Flop Check-Raising Range to Have a Solid Turn Strategy. 3 Tips for Playing Ten-Nine Suited When You Miss the Flop (As the Preflop Raiser) Tip #1 – Always bluff when you flop a draw Gutshots, open-enders, flush draws, and combo draws should all be either bet or check-raised. After your opponent 3-bets, he will usually c-bet on the flop at a high frequency, including with many weak made hands or hands that missed completely. The top poker results tracker apps allow to look at your hourly win rate, as results for different stakes, different poker rooms, etc. Rules to Crush Your Competition in 3-Bet Pots. Born in Roslyn, New York, the now-30-year-old Bleznick first ventured into online poker in 2007, where he had a rather poor start and found himself nearly $20,000 in the hole. Alex is a legendary cash game pro who was first introduced to poker when he watched it on TV. Yeah as i mentioned i realised the guide started going all over the place at the end. A 52-card deck yields 156 distinct ways to make four-of-a-kind. Preflop Analysis. 3-bet your premium hands (QQ+, AK). For example, let’s say you’re sitting in a live $2/$3 No Limit Hold’em game. Player stack sizes and positions: Christopher Rosso is on the SB/BTN (1,900,000 chips) Darren Elias is in the BB (1,600,000 chips) Rosso opens to 60,000 with , Elias calls with . About this app. Your strategy in these sorts of out of position spots will have a major impact on your win-rate. Bluff on the flop when you have backdoor draws. In this case, we need to have 70% value combos and 30% bluff combos. 2bb is good. All face cards count as 10 in a game of blackjack, but in most other card games the king outranks the queen, which outranks the jack. He started with sit-n-goes and MTTs with buy-ins up to $5. Whenever a hand goes to showdown, players with the losing hand (see: poker hands rankings) have to take off an article of clothing. Six Low. Learn More. The definitive answer to whether or not you should ever just call a raise preflop instead of 3-betting. You have a double gutshot straight draw because any King or 9 would give. This means that, when you call, you need to win more than 25% of the time in order to profit. The effective stack size is roughly $35,000, so they are around 88bb deep. Online Cash Ranges Live Cash Ranges MTT Ranges Advanced Solver Ranges Advanced Tourney Ranges Heads-Up Ranges Preflop Charts Guide. Log Out. From middle position, John Mcclean should be raising with the top 18-20% of hands, which looks something like this:Like implied odds, reverse implied odds are an extension of the concept of pot odds. Includes commonly used hand notation, position names, and hand matrix charts.